Field Evaluation of the Interferon Gamma Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Water Buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) Comparing Four Interpretative Criteria
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a world zoonosis that affects many species of domestic and wild animals. Mycobatherium Bovis is the leading cause of Buffalo water infection (Bubalus bubalis) and cattle and is a great concern for human health and for Buffalo producers in Italy. The BTB eradication program is based on the oversight of the slaughterhouse and intradermal skin tests. Other in vivo diagnostic methods such as interferon-gamma dosage (IFN-γ) have been developed and are widely used in cattle to accelerate the elimination of BTB positive animals. This study is the first to evaluate the use and performance of IFN-γ analyzes, which is used as a BTB diagnostic auxiliary test in Buffalo water and presents the results of an assessment on the 2012 test. at 2019 during the BTB Buffalo eradication program in Italy.
The study involved 489 buffaloes with a positive result for the unique intradermal tuberculin test (SITT). IFN-γ tests and unique intradermal comparative tuberculin test have been used as confirmation tests. Then, a total of 458 buffaloes, high on officially tuberculosis (OTF) flocks, which have been confirmed without BTB for at least 6 years have been subjected to IFN-γ tests. In addition, to evaluate the IFN-γ test in an OTF herd with a paratuberculosis infection (PTB), 103 buffaloes have been subjected simultaneously to sitit and IFN-γ tests.
Our results have shown that the IFN-γ test in buffalo species could reach high sensitivity values and specificity, and that the level of sensitivity and specificity could be chosen on the basis of the interpretative criterion and antigens used in use. the state of health of the flock and the epidemiological context of the territory. The IFN-γ test and the use of different interpretation criteria have been useful for implementing BTB diagnostic strategies in Buffalo herds, with the possibility of a flexible use of the test.
Intracerebroceric administration of interferon-alpha has induced depressive behaviors and neurotransmitter changes in rhesus monkeys
Interferon-Alpha (IFN-α) is a widely used cytokine in the treatment of brain cancers and viral infections with side effects, including depression. Monoamine neurotransmitter systems have been found in important roles in the depression induced by the peripheral IFN, but how the peripheral IFN-α accesses the central nervous system and contributes to the development of depression is poorly known. This study was intended to develop a non-human primate model using IFN-α intracerebroventricular administration (5 days / week for 6 weeks) to observe induced depressive type behaviors and explore Contributions from monoamine neurotransmitter systems in the development of depression. In monkeys receiving I.C.V.
The IFN-α administration, Anhédonie has been observed as a decrease in sucrose consumption, as well as symptoms resembling depressives, including increased dumbbell behaviors, a decrease in spontaneous and reactive locomotion in the cage. Home, as well as the reduction of the exploration and an increased immobile in the Open field. Central IFN-α-chronic infusion significantly increased the concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of noredrenaline (Na) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), but not 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA). These metabolites of monoamine CSF showed associations with specific behaviors related to depression.
In conclusion, the IFN-α central administration caused an anhedonia and the behaviors related to depression comparable to the results with the peripheral administration, and the development of depression was associated with the malfunction of monoamine neurotransmitters.
Field Evaluation of the Interferon Gamma Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Water Buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) Comparing Four Interpretative Criteria
Type I interferon acts as a major obstacle to the establishment of persistent infectious infectious disease infections (IBDV)
An infectious scholarship disease virus (IBDV), the best famous member of the Birnaviridae family is a very relevant avian pathogen, which causes acute and persistent infections in different avian hosts. Here we describe the establishment of clonal, long-term and productive IBDV infections in DF-1 chicken embryonic fibroblasts. Although the returns of the virus in persistently infected cells are extremely lower than those detected in extremely infected cells, the form of the replication of isolated viruses of infected cells persistently is greater than that of the parental virus.
The DF-1 and IBDV cell lines persistently and infected are derived from them not responding to the I interferon (IFN) key. The sequencing of high speed genome has revealed that this defect is due to mutations affecting the IFNα / β 2 receptor subunit (IFNAR2) gene resulting from the expression of IFNAR2 polypeptides hosting large C-terminal terminal deletions that abolish the signaling capacity of the IFNα / β receiver complex. The ectopic expression of a recombinant chicken gene IFNAR2 effectively saves the reactivity of IFNα. Curriculated Cellular Lines IBDV derived from infected persistent cells have a considerably improved susceptibility in order to establish new IBDV persistent infections. In addition, experiments carried out with human hela cells devoid of the IFNAR2 gene completely summarize the results obtained with DF-1 cells, having a very improved capacity to survive the acute AIBDV infection phase and to support the establishment of Persistent IBDV infections.
Description: Cell Biolabs? Total Cholesterol Assay Kits measure the total cholesterol within serum, plasma, cell lysate, or tissue samples. The assays will detect total cholesterol (cholesteryl esters plus free cholesterol) in the presence of cholesterol esterase or only free cholesterol in the absence of the esterase enzyme.
Description: The Total Carbohydrate Assay detects total carbohydrates within samples based on the phenol-sulfuric acid method. Total carbohydrate levels in an unknown sample are calculated based on a glucose standard curve. 100 assays/kit.
Description: While bile acid synthesis is critical for the removal of cholesterol from the body, bile acids are also required for proper uptake of nutrients in the small intestine. The Total Bile Acid Assay Kit provides a convenient 96-well plate-based method to measure the total bile acid content in a variety of sample types.
Description: Many solid tumors contain heterogeneous populations of normal and cancerous cells. Separation of these cell populations is key to an accurate assessment of the true genotypic and phenotypic differences between normal and tumor cells. Our CytoSelect Clonogenic Tumor Cell Isolation Kit uses a proprietary semisolid agar medium to facilitate formation of colonies by cells from solid tumors. Colonies are grown in either a 6-well plate or a 35mm culture dish. These colonies are isolated away from single (i.e. normal) cells by size filtration. The viable cells from these colonies can be easily recovered for further analysis.
Description: Cell Biolabs? Total Cholesterol Assay Kits measure the total cholesterol within serum, plasma, cell lysate, or tissue samples. The assays will detect total cholesterol (cholesteryl esters plus free cholesterol) in the presence of cholesterol esterase or only free cholesterol in the absence of the esterase enzyme.
Description: Total Bile Acid Assay Kit is a colorimetric 96-well plate-based method to measure total bile acid content in a variety of sample types. The assay uses an enzyme driven reaction in which bile acids are incubated in the presence of thio-NAD+. 100 assays.
Description: Many solid tumors contain heterogeneous populations of normal and cancerous cells. Separation of these cell populations is key to an accurate assessment of the true genotypic and phenotypic differences between normal and tumor cells. Our CytoSelect Clonogenic Tumor Cell Isolation Kit uses a proprietary semisolid agar medium to facilitate formation of colonies by cells from solid tumors. Colonies are grown in either a 6-well plate or a 35mm culture dish. These colonies are isolated away from single (i.e. normal) cells by size filtration. The viable cells from these colonies can be easily recovered for further analysis.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: Our Total Phosphatidic Acid Assay Kit measures total phosphatidic acid content (PA and LPA) in cell lysate samples by a coupled enzymatic reaction system. First, lipase is used to hydrolyze phosphatidic acid to glycerol-3-phosphate. Next, the glycerol-3-phosphate product is oxidized by glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPO), producing hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide released from this reaction reacts specifically with the kit?s Fluorometric Probe and is detected at ex. 530-560 nm/em. 585-595 nm. Phosphatidic Acid levels in unknown sampled are determined based on the provided phosphatidic acid standard curve.
Description: The OxiSelect Total Glutathione Assay Kit is a quantitative assay for measuring the total glutathione content within a sample (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione Reductase reduces oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) in the presence of NADPH. Subsequently, the chromogen reacts with the thiol group of GSH to produce a colored compound that absorbs at 405 nm. The total glutathione content in unknown samples is determined by comparison with the predetermined glutathione standard curve. The rate of chromophore production is proportional to the concentration of glutathione within the sample. The rate can be determined from the absorbance change over time. Metaphosphoric acid is provided to remove interfering proteins or enzymes from samples.
OxiSelect Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Assay Kit
Description: The OxiSelect Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Assay measures the total antioxidant capacity of biomolecules from a variety of samples via a SET mechanism. In the presence of antioxidants, copper(II) is reduced to copper(I). In turn, the copper(I) ions react with a chromogen to produce a color with maximum absorbance at 490nm.
Description: The OxiSelect Total Glutathione Assay Kit is a quantitative assay for measuring the total glutathione content within a sample (GSH/GSSG). Glutathione Reductase reduces oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) in the presence of NADPH. Subsequently, the chromogen reacts with the thiol group of GSH to produce a colored compound that absorbs at 405 nm. The total glutathione content in unknown samples is determined by comparison with the predetermined glutathione standard curve. The rate of chromophore production is proportional to the concentration of glutathione within the sample. The rate can be determined from the absorbance change over time. Metaphosphoric acid is provided to remove interfering proteins or enzymes from samples.
OxiSelect Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Assay Kit, Trial Size
Description: The OxiSelect Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Assay measures the total antioxidant capacity of biomolecules from a variety of samples via a SET mechanism. In the presence of antioxidants, copper(II) is reduced to copper(I). In turn, the copper(I) ions react with a chromogen to produce a color with maximum absorbance at 490nm.
Description: This cell line has been engineered for use with the CRISPR Synergistic Activation Mediator (SAM) system to induce transcriptional activation and expression of any gene of interest. Cells stably express a mutated dCas9 (Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR associated protein 9), lacking any endonuclease activity, fused to transcriptional activator VP64. Stable dCas9-VP64 expression is maintained with Blasticidin resistance. Cells also stably express P65 (Transcription Factor p65, or Nuclear Factor NF-κB p65) and HSF1 (Heat Shock Factor 1) fused with an MS2 tag, which is maintained with Hygromycin resistance. When these cells are transfected with an MS2- tagged sgRNA targeting the promoter region of the gene of interest, dCas9-VP64 and MS2-P65-HSF1 are recruited to the genomic DNA and begin transcription, inducing expression of the desired gene.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: Recombinant clonal stable HeLa cell line constitutively expressing full length human ACE2, Genbank #NM_021804.3). Surface expression of ACE2 was confirmed by flow cytometry.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Total tumor necrosis factor in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
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The results presented here show here that the inactivation of the Jak-Stat signaling route significantly reduces the apoptotic response induced by infection, thus facilitating the establishment and maintenance of persistent IBDV infections. Members of the Birnaviridae family, including an infectious scholarship disease virus (IBDV). , has a double behavior, causing acute infections that are often followed by the establishment of long-service life asymptomatic infections. Indeed, persistently infected specimens could act as efficient virus tanks, so potentially contributing to the diffusion of viruses. Despite the key importance of this biological trait, information on mechanisms triggering IBDV persistence is negligible.
Ricardo
