Background: Ms. malaria infection leads to poor perinatal outcomes, including low birth weight of preterm birth and / or fetal growth restriction, especially in primigravidae. In placental malaria, Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells causing an inflammatory response that can interfere with maternal-fetal exchange, causing poor growth. Type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway plays an immunomodulatory role in viral and bacterial infections, usually by suppressing the inflammatory response. However, its role in placental malaria is unknown. This study examined the cytokine responses in placental tissues from a subset of malaria infected and uninfected women, and attempts to connect them with the results of certain birth.
Methods: 40 across the placental biopsy samples obtained from pregnant women at least 16 years were recruited to larger prospective chemoprevention trials against malaria. This is a patient in hospitals Tororo in Uganda, an area of high malaria endemicity where about 40% of women had evidence of malaria infection at delivery. They regularly attended at a local clinic and monitored for fever, blood smear done later and at the time of delivery for diagnosing malaria infection. Placental biopsies were taken for histological diagnosis of placental malaria, as well as quantitative PCR analysis of IFN-I genes in pathways (IFN-β, IL-10 and MX-1). Parameters such as the baby’s birth weight and gestational age were also recorded.
Results: Histological analysis revealed placental malaria on 18 samples, while 22 were found to be infected. RT-PCR analysis showed a fourfold increase in IFN-β and IL-10 expression in multigravidas with placental malaria compared with gravidity-matched, uninfected controls. This effect was not observed in primigravida. Interestingly, linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between the levels of IFN-β and a higher birth weight (β = 101.2 g per log2-fold increase in the expression of IFN-β, p = 0.042). This association was strongest in primigravida with placental malaria (β = 339.0, p = 0.006).
Conclusion: These results suggest differential regulation of IFN-I pathway in placental malaria by gravidity, with the largest anti-inflammatory response seen in multigravidas. The relationship between the level of IFN-β and a higher birth weight also demonstrated a protective role for IFN-I on fetal growth restriction in placental malaria.
Gravidity-dependent associations between interferon response and birth weight in placental malaria
The role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and interferon-γ coronavirus infection: lessons from a murine coronavirus infection in mice
Murine coronavirus (CoV) is a beta-CoV that infect mice by binding to antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-carcinoembryonic 1. intraperitoneal infection with murine CoV strain JHM (JHMV) induces mild acute hepatitis in mice. While both the innate and acquired immune responses play an important role in the protection against murine CoV infection in mice, CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and interferon-γ is critical for the eradication of hepatitis virus-induced JHMV.
Description: Recombinant Interferon gamma is a disulfide-linked monomer protein consisting of 135 amino acid residues, and migrates as an approximately 16 kDa protein under non-reducing and reducing conditions in SDS-PAGE. Optimized DNA sequence encoding rat Interferon-gamma mature chain was expressed in E. coli.
Description: Recombinant Interferon gamma is a disulfide-linked monomer protein consisting of 135 amino acid residues, and migrates as an approximately 16 kDa protein under non-reducing and reducing conditions in SDS-PAGE. Optimized DNA sequence encoding rat Interferon-gamma mature chain was expressed in E. coli.
Description: Ubiquitin-Like Protein ISG15 (ISG15) is a ubiquitin-like protein that becomes conjugated to many cellular proteins upon activation by interferon-alpha and -beta. Several functions have been ascribed to the encoded protein, including chemotactic activity towards neutrophils, direction of ligated target proteins to intermediate filaments, cell-to-cell signaling, and antiviral activity during viral infections. While conjugates of this protein have been found to be noncovalently attached to intermediate filaments, this protein is sometimes secreted. ISG15 becomes conjugated to a diverse set of proteins after IFN-alpha/beta stimulation or microbial challenge. The functions or biochemical consequences ISG15 conjugation to proteins are not yet known, but it appears that this modification does not target proteins for proteasomal degradation. ISG15 shows specific chemotactic activity towards neutrophils and activates them to induce release of eosinophil chemotactic factors. Upon interferon treatment, ISG15 can be detected in both free and conjugated forms, and is secreted from monocytes and lymphocytes where it can function as a cytokine. In the cell, ISG15 co-localizes with intermediate filaments and ISGylation may modulate the JAK-STAT pathway or certain aspects of neurological disease.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon β in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon β in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon β in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Interferon-Stimulated Gene 20 kDa Protein (ISG20) Antibody
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon β1b in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon β1b in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon β1b in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon β1a in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon β1a in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon β1a in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon ω1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon ω1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon ω1 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon alpha in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon alpha in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon alpha in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: Interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the development of fibrosis in inflamed tissues. The production of IFN-gamma, which is under genetic control, can influence the development of fibrosis in lung allografts. IFN-gamma is also produced by natural killer(NK) cells and most prominently by CD8 cytotoxic T cells, and is vital for the control of microbial pathogens. Interferon gamma is believed to be crucial for host defence against many infections. Genetically determined variability in IFN-gamma and expression might be important for the development of tuberculosis. IFN-gamma activates human macrophage oxidative metabolism and antimicrobial activity. In addition to having antiviral activity, IFN-gamma has important immunoregulatory functions. IFN-gamma plays an important role in the control of neointima proliferation.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon Alpha 21 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon Alpha 21 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon Alpha 21 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Interferon γ , IFN-γ in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Interferon γ , IFN-γ in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Interferon α, IFN-α in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Interferon α, IFN-α in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Interferon Beta (IFNb) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Interferon Beta (IFNb) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha (IFNa) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Rat Interferon Gamma (IFNg) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Rat Interferon Gamma (IFNg) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Rat Interferon Gamma (IFNg) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Rat Interferon Gamma (IFNg) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: Double-antibody Sandwich chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Rat Interferon Gamma (IFNg)Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Interferon Beta (IFNb) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Interferon Beta (IFNb) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Interferon Beta (IFNb) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Interferon Beta (IFNb) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Rat Interferon Beta (IFNb) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha (IFNa) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha (IFNa) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha (IFNa) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Double-antibody Sandwich chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha (IFNa)Serum, plasma and other biological fluids
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon γ （IFNγ ） in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon γ （IFNγ ） in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon γ （IFNγ ） in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: This assay is a sandwich Enzyme Linked-Immuno-Sorbent Assay(ELISA). It is developed for quantitative measurement of Rat Ifng in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha (IFNa) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha (IFNa) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Interferon Gamma (IFNg) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Interferon Gamma (IFNg) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon lambda-3 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon lambda-3 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon lambda-3 in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha (IFNa) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha (IFNa) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha (IFNa) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha (IFNa) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha (IFNa) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Interferon Gamma (IFNg) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Interferon Gamma (IFNg) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Interferon Gamma (IFNg) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Interferon Gamma (IFNg) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Rat Interferon Gamma (IFNg) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Interferon β, IFN-β/IFNB in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Interferon β, IFN-β/IFNB in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon γ antibody in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon γ antibody in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon γ antibody in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Rat Interferon alpha-1 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon epsilon(IFNE) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon epsilon(IFNE) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon epsilon(IFNE) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha 13 (IFNa13) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha 13 (IFNa13) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha 13 (IFNa13) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha 13 (IFNa13) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Double-antibody Sandwich chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha 13 (IFNa13)Serum, plasma and other biological fluids
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha 13 (IFNa13) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha 13 (IFNa13) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha 13 (IFNa13) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha 13 (IFNa13) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Rat Interferon Alpha 13 (IFNa13) in samples from Serum, plasma and other biological fluids. with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Interferon Beta from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon Alpha antibody in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon Alpha antibody in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Interferon Alpha antibody in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Interferon Gamma from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Interferon Alpha from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.
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Additionally, CoVs characterized by a high diversity, caused by a mutation, recombination, and gene gain / loss. 25V16G is JHMV immune-escape variants, which do not have the dominant CTL epitope. By avoiding the immune response, 25V16G establish persistent infections, causing granulomatous serositis in mice interferon-γ-deficient. These examples pathogenesis-related CoV in mice may provide useful information about other CoV infection, including coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19).
Ricardo
