Background: Ms. malaria infection leads to poor perinatal outcomes, including low birth weight of preterm birth and / or fetal growth restriction, especially in primigravidae. In placental malaria, Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells causing an inflammatory response that can interfere with maternal-fetal exchange, causing poor growth. Type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway plays an immunomodulatory role in viral and bacterial infections, usually by suppressing the inflammatory response. However, its role in placental malaria is unknown. This study examined the cytokine responses in placental tissues from a subset of malaria infected and uninfected women, and attempts to connect them with the results of certain birth.
Methods: 40 across the placental biopsy samples obtained from pregnant women at least 16 years were recruited to larger prospective chemoprevention trials against malaria. This is a patient in hospitals Tororo in Uganda, an area of high malaria endemicity where about 40% of women had evidence of malaria infection at delivery. They regularly attended at a local clinic and monitored for fever, blood smear done later and at the time of delivery for diagnosing malaria infection. Placental biopsies were taken for histological diagnosis of placental malaria, as well as quantitative PCR analysis of IFN-I genes in pathways (IFN-β, IL-10 and MX-1). Parameters such as the baby’s birth weight and gestational age were also recorded.
Results: Histological analysis revealed placental malaria on 18 samples, while 22 were found to be infected. RT-PCR analysis showed a fourfold increase in IFN-β and IL-10 expression in multigravidas with placental malaria compared with gravidity-matched, uninfected controls. This effect was not observed in primigravida. Interestingly, linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between the levels of IFN-β and a higher birth weight (β = 101.2 g per log2-fold increase in the expression of IFN-β, p = 0.042). This association was strongest in primigravida with placental malaria (β = 339.0, p = 0.006).
Conclusion: These results suggest differential regulation of IFN-I pathway in placental malaria by gravidity, with the largest anti-inflammatory response seen in multigravidas. The relationship between the level of IFN-β and a higher birth weight also demonstrated a protective role for IFN-I on fetal growth restriction in placental malaria.
Gravidity-dependent associations between interferon response and birth weight in placental malaria
The role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and interferon-γ coronavirus infection: lessons from a murine coronavirus infection in mice
Murine coronavirus (CoV) is a beta-CoV that infect mice by binding to antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-carcinoembryonic 1. intraperitoneal infection with murine CoV strain JHM (JHMV) induces mild acute hepatitis in mice. While both the innate and acquired immune responses play an important role in the protection against murine CoV infection in mice, CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and interferon-γ is critical for the eradication of hepatitis virus-induced JHMV.
Description: Mono-Pegylated Leptin Rat Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 147 amino acids and an additional Ala at N-terminus having a molecular mass of 35.6 kDa (with 20 kDa PEG) as determined by mass spectometry. However due to enlarged hydrodymanic volume it runs on the SDS-PAGE as 48 kDa protein and in gel-filtration on Superdex 200 as over 100 kDa protein. Its half-life in circulation after SC injection was over 20 hours. Rat Leptin was purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques according to Salomon et al (2006) Protein Expression and Purification 47, 128–136 and then pegylated._x000D_
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is unconjugated.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 390.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 488.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 565.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 655.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 680.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 700.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to Alkaline Phosphatase.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to APC .
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to APC/Cy7.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to Biotin.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 350.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 405.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 488.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to FITC.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to HRP.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to PE/ATTO 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to PerCP.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to RPE .
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is conjugated to Streptavidin.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HO-1 from Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Rat Rat HO-1 without the transmembrane domain (cloned residues 1-262). The Antibody is tested and validated for WB assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000). This HO-1 antibody is unconjugated.
Description: Recombinant Rat bFGF is a disulfide-linked homodimeric protein consisting of 146 amino acid residues, and migrates as an approximately 16 kDa protein under non-reducing and reducing conditions in SDS-PAGE. Optimized DNA sequence encoding rat basic Fibroblast Growth Factor mature chain was expressed in E. coli.
Description: Recombinant Rat bFGF is a disulfide-linked homodimeric protein consisting of 146 amino acid residues, and migrates as an approximately 16 kDa protein under non-reducing and reducing conditions in SDS-PAGE. Optimized DNA sequence encoding rat basic Fibroblast Growth Factor mature chain was expressed in E. coli.
Description: CST3 Rat Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 128 amino acids (21-140a.a.) and having a molecular mass of 14.3kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear at approximately 13.5-18kDa)._x000D_ CST3 is expressed with an 8 amino acid His tag at C-Terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques
Description: Purified recombinant Rat IL6 protein (Rat)
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Additionally, CoVs characterized by a high diversity, caused by a mutation, recombination, and gene gain / loss. 25V16G is JHMV immune-escape variants, which do not have the dominant CTL epitope. By avoiding the immune response, 25V16G establish persistent infections, causing granulomatous serositis in mice interferon-γ-deficient. These examples pathogenesis-related CoV in mice may provide useful information about other CoV infection, including coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19).
Ricardo
