GWAS analysis and screening immune biomarkers have been identified host factors associated with in vivo HIV-1 control. However, there are gaps in knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate the expression of host factors. Here, we aimed to assess DNA methylation affects the natural host genome in HIV-1 control. For this purpose, the entire DNA methylome in 70 HIV-1 infected individuals not treated with either high (> 50,000 HIV-1 RNA copies / ml, n = 29) or low (<10,000 HIV-1 RNA copies / ml, n = viral load (PVL) level 41) plasma compared and identified 2649 different positions methylated (DMP).
Of these, the forest classification model randomly selected 55 DMP were correlated with viral (PVL and proviral levels) and adaptive immunity parameters of HIV-1 specific (IFNg-T cell responses and neutralizing capacity of antibodies). Then, cluster and functional analysis identified two groups of DMP: cluster 1 contained the gene hypo-methylated involved in antiviral and interferon response (eg PARP9, MX1 and USP18) in individuals with high viral loads while in cluster 2, genes associated with T follicular helper cells (TFH) commitments (eg CXCR5 and TCF7) hyper-methylated in the same group of people with uncontrolled infection.
For selected genes, mRNA levels were negatively correlated with DNA methylation, which states the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Furthermore, expression of this gene signature was also confirmed in the early stages of chronic infection, including untreated, treated and elite controllers ART HIV-1 infected individuals (n = 37). These data provide the first evidence that the critical host genes involved in the immune control of the virus is under the regulation of methylation in HIV-1 infection. This insight may offer a new opportunity to identify novel mechanisms in vivo control of the virus and may prove important for the development of future therapeutic interventions aimed at HIV-1 cure.
Methylation regulation of Antiviral host factors, Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) and T-cell responses associated with natural HIV control
Heat stress in the oocyte or zygote compromise embryonic development, production interferon tau damage and increases reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in cattle embryos produced in vitro
Interferon tau (IFNT) is a cytokine that is responsible for the recognition of pregnant women in ruminants and play the role of embryo-maternal communication modulation in the oviduct induces local response of immune cells. We aimed to investigate the production of IFNT, reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress under the influence of heat stress (HS) during the different stages of cow in vitro embryo production.
HS was set up when the temperature is gradually raised from 38.5 ° C to 40.5 ° C in a laboratory incubator, sustained for 6 hours, and reduced back to 38.5 ° C. To overcome the effects of HS on IFNT production, reactive oxygen species, and oxidative stress, ovaries from a slaughterhouse that is used in accordance with the treatment: a control group (38.5 ° C); oocytes mature under the HS; fertilized oocytes under HS; zygotes were cultured on the first day under the HS; and delivered to the HS cell in oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo culture first day.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to ATTO 565.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to ATTO 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to ATTO 655.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to ATTO 680.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to ATTO 700.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to Alkaline Phosphatase.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to APC .
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to APC/Cy7.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to Dylight 350.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to Dylight 405.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to Dylight 488.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to Dylight 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to Dylight 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to HRP.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to PE/ATTO 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to PerCP.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to RPE .
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to Streptavidin.
Description: IFN-γ is an acid-labile interferon produced by CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as activated NK cells. IFN-γ receptors are present in most immune cells, which respond to IFN-γ signaling by increasing the surface expression of class I MHC proteins. This promotes the presentation of antigen to T-helper (CD4+) cells. IFN-γ signaling in antigen-presenting cells and antigen-recognizing B and T lymphocytes regulate the antigen-specific phases of the immune response. Additionally, IFN-γ stimulates a number of lymphoid cell functions including the anti-microbial and anti-tumor responses of macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils. Human IFN-γ species-specific and is biologically active only in human and primate cells. Recombinant human IFN-γ is a 16.7 kDa protein containing 143 amino acid residues.
Description: IFN-γ is an acid-labile interferon produced by CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as activated NK cells. IFN-γ receptors are present in most immune cells, which respond to IFN-γ signaling by increasing the surface expression of class I MHC proteins. This promotes the presentation of antigen to T-helper (CD4+) cells. IFN-γ signaling in antigen-presenting cells and antigen-recognizing B and T lymphocytes regulate the antigen-specific phases of the immune response. Additionally, IFN-γ stimulates a number of lymphoid cell functions including the anti-microbial and anti-tumor responses of macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils. Human IFN-γ species-specific and is biologically active only in human and primate cells. Recombinant human IFN-γ is a 16.7 kDa protein containing 143 amino acid residues.
Description: IFN-γ is an acid-labile interferon produced by CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as activated NK cells. IFN-γ receptors are present in most immune cells, which respond to IFN-γ signaling by increasing the surface expression of class I MHC proteins. This promotes the presentation of antigen to T-helper (CD4+) cells. IFN-γ signaling in antigen-presenting cells and antigen-recognizing B and T lymphocytes regulate the antigen-specific phases of the immune response. Additionally, IFN-γ stimulates a number of lymphoid cell functions including the anti-microbial and anti-tumor responses of macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils. Human IFN-γ species-specific and is biologically active only in human and primate cells. Recombinant human IFN-γ is a 16.7 kDa protein containing 143 amino acid residues.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is unconjugated.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to ATTO 390.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to ATTO 488.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to ATTO 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to Biotin.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to FITC.
Description: Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a lymphoid factor which possesses potent anti-viral activity. It has also been shown to stimulate macrophages and NK cells. Recombinant Human IFN-gamma is a 16.7 kDa protein containing 143 amino acid residues.
Description: Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a lymphoid factor which possesses potent anti-viral activity. It has also been shown to stimulate macrophages and NK cells. Recombinant Human IFN-gamma is a 16.7 kDa protein containing 143 amino acid residues.
Description: IFN-gamma, or type II interferon, is a cytokine that is critical for innate and adaptive immunity against viral and intracellular bacterial infections and for tumor control. Human IFN gamma Recombinant Protein is purified IFN gamma produced in yeast.
Description: IFN-γ is an acid-labile interferon produced by CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as activated NK cells. IFN-γ receptors are present in most immune cells, which respond to IFN-γ signaling by increasing the surface expression of class I MHC proteins. This promotes the presentation of antigen to T-helper (CD4+) cells. IFN-γ signaling in antigen-presenting cells and antigen-recognizing B and T lymphocytes regulate the antigen-specific phases of the immune response. Additionally, IFN-γ stimulates a number of lymphoid cell functions including the anti-microbial and anti-tumor responses of macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils. Human IFN-γ is species-specific and is biologically active only in human and primate cells. Recombinant rat IFN-γ is a 15.6 kDa protein containing 135 amino acid residues.
Description: IFN-γ is an acid-labile interferon produced by CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as activated NK cells. IFN-γ receptors are present in most immune cells, which respond to IFN-γ signaling by increasing the surface expression of class I MHC proteins. This promotes the presentation of antigen to T-helper (CD4+) cells. IFN-γ signaling in antigen-presenting cells and antigen-recognizing B and T lymphocytes regulates the antigen-specific phases of the immune response. Additionally, IFN-γ stimulates a number of lymphoid cell functions including the anti-microbial and anti-tumor responses of macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils. Human IFN-γ species-specific and is biologically active only in human and primate cells. Recombinant murine IFN-γ is a 15.6 kDa protein containing 134 amino acid residues.
Description: IFN-γ is an acid-labile interferon produced by CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as activated NK cells. IFN-γ receptors are present in most immune cells, which respond to IFN-γ signaling by increasing the surface expression of class I MHC proteins. This promotes the presentation of antigen to T-helper (CD4+) cells. IFN-γ signaling in antigen-presenting cells and antigen-recognizing B and T lymphocytes regulates the antigen-specific phases of the immune response. Additionally, IFN-γ stimulates a number of lymphoid cell functions including the anti-microbial and anti-tumor responses of macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils. Human IFN-γ species-specific and is biologically active only in human and primate cells. Recombinant murine IFN-γ is a 15.6 kDa protein containing 134 amino acid residues.
Description: The kit is a sandwich enzyme immunoassay for in vitro quantitative measurement of IFN-gamma in human serum, plasma and other biological fluids
Description: The high-affinity IFN-gamma receptor complex is made up of two type I transmembrane proteins, IFN-gamma R1 (IFN-gamma R alpha) and IFN-gamma R2 (IFN-gamma R beta). Both proteins are members of the type II cytokine receptor family. IFN-gamma R1 is the ligand-binding subunit that is necessary and sufficient for IFN-gamma binding and receptor internalization. IFN-gamma R2 is required for IFN-gamma signaling, but does not bind IFN-gamma by itself.
HS negatively affected the rate of cleavage and blastocyst, in all groups of HS. On Day 7, all HS-treated embryos showed a decrease IFNT gene and protein expression, whereas the reactive oxygen species increased compared with controls. In conclusion, early embryonic development is compromised because of the higher temperatures during in vitro oocyte maturation, fertilization, and / or the zygote stage has diminished IFNT expression and increased reactive oxygen species in cattle.
Ricardo
