GWAS analysis and screening immune biomarkers have been identified host factors associated with in vivo HIV-1 control. However, there are gaps in knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate the expression of host factors. Here, we aimed to assess DNA methylation affects the natural host genome in HIV-1 control. For this purpose, the entire DNA methylome in 70 HIV-1 infected individuals not treated with either high (> 50,000 HIV-1 RNA copies / ml, n = 29) or low (<10,000 HIV-1 RNA copies / ml, n = viral load (PVL) level 41) plasma compared and identified 2649 different positions methylated (DMP).
Of these, the forest classification model randomly selected 55 DMP were correlated with viral (PVL and proviral levels) and adaptive immunity parameters of HIV-1 specific (IFNg-T cell responses and neutralizing capacity of antibodies). Then, cluster and functional analysis identified two groups of DMP: cluster 1 contained the gene hypo-methylated involved in antiviral and interferon response (eg PARP9, MX1 and USP18) in individuals with high viral loads while in cluster 2, genes associated with T follicular helper cells (TFH) commitments (eg CXCR5 and TCF7) hyper-methylated in the same group of people with uncontrolled infection.
For selected genes, mRNA levels were negatively correlated with DNA methylation, which states the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Furthermore, expression of this gene signature was also confirmed in the early stages of chronic infection, including untreated, treated and elite controllers ART HIV-1 infected individuals (n = 37). These data provide the first evidence that the critical host genes involved in the immune control of the virus is under the regulation of methylation in HIV-1 infection. This insight may offer a new opportunity to identify novel mechanisms in vivo control of the virus and may prove important for the development of future therapeutic interventions aimed at HIV-1 cure.
Methylation regulation of Antiviral host factors, Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) and T-cell responses associated with natural HIV control
Heat stress in the oocyte or zygote compromise embryonic development, production interferon tau damage and increases reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in cattle embryos produced in vitro
Interferon tau (IFNT) is a cytokine that is responsible for the recognition of pregnant women in ruminants and play the role of embryo-maternal communication modulation in the oviduct induces local response of immune cells. We aimed to investigate the production of IFNT, reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress under the influence of heat stress (HS) during the different stages of cow in vitro embryo production.
HS was set up when the temperature is gradually raised from 38.5 ° C to 40.5 ° C in a laboratory incubator, sustained for 6 hours, and reduced back to 38.5 ° C. To overcome the effects of HS on IFNT production, reactive oxygen species, and oxidative stress, ovaries from a slaughterhouse that is used in accordance with the treatment: a control group (38.5 ° C); oocytes mature under the HS; fertilized oocytes under HS; zygotes were cultured on the first day under the HS; and delivered to the HS cell in oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo culture first day.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to ATTO 390.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to ATTO 488.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to ATTO 565.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to ATTO 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to ATTO 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to ATTO 655.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to ATTO 680.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to ATTO 700.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to Alkaline Phosphatase.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to APC .
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to APC/Cy7.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to Biotin.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to Dylight 350.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to Dylight 405.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to Dylight 488.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to Dylight 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to Dylight 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to FITC.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to HRP.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to PE/ATTO 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to PerCP.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to RPE .
Description: A polyclonal antibody for IFN gamma from Human. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human Interferon gamma. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200). This IFN gamma antibody is conjugated to Streptavidin.
Description: IFN gamma is an inflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the development of fibrosis in inflamed tissues. IFN gamma is also produced by natural killer (NK) cells and most prominently by CD8 cytotoxic T cells, and is vital for the control of microbial pathogens. Interferon gamma is believed to be crucial for host defence against many infections.
Description: IFN-gamma, or type II interferon, is a cytokine that is critical for innate and adaptive immunity against viral and intracellular bacterial infections and for tumor control. Human IFN gamma Recombinant Protein is purified IFN gamma produced in yeast.
Description: The kit is a sandwich enzyme immunoassay for in vitro quantitative measurement of IFN-gamma in human serum, plasma and other biological fluids
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human IFN gamma . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human IFN gamma . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: Description of target: This gene encodes a soluble cytokine that is a member of the type II interferon class. The encoded protein is secreted by cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The active protein is a homodimer that binds to the interferon gamma receptor which triggers a cellular response to viral and microbial infections. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to viral, bacterial and parasitic infections and to several autoimmune diseases.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISpot Immunoassay;Sensitivity:
Description: This CD Interferon Gamma ELISA kit is a 1.5 hour solid-phase ELISA designed for the quantitative determination of Human IFN-γ. This ELISA kit for research use only, not for therapeutic or diagnostic applications!
Description: IFN-γ is an acid-labile interferon produced by CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as activated NK cells. IFN-γ receptors are present in most immune cells, which respond to IFN-γ signaling by increasing the surface expression of class I MHC proteins. This promotes the presentation of antigen to T-helper (CD4+) cells. IFN-γ signaling in antigen-presenting cells and antigen-recognizing B and T lymphocytes regulate the antigen-specific phases of the immune response. Additionally, IFN-γ stimulates a number of lymphoid cell functions including the anti-microbial and anti-tumor responses of macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils. Human IFN-γ species-specific and is biologically active only in human and primate cells. Recombinant human IFN-γ is a 16.7 kDa protein containing 143 amino acid residues.
Description: IFN-γ is an acid-labile interferon produced by CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as activated NK cells. IFN-γ receptors are present in most immune cells, which respond to IFN-γ signaling by increasing the surface expression of class I MHC proteins. This promotes the presentation of antigen to T-helper (CD4+) cells. IFN-γ signaling in antigen-presenting cells and antigen-recognizing B and T lymphocytes regulate the antigen-specific phases of the immune response. Additionally, IFN-γ stimulates a number of lymphoid cell functions including the anti-microbial and anti-tumor responses of macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils. Human IFN-γ species-specific and is biologically active only in human and primate cells. Recombinant human IFN-γ is a 16.7 kDa protein containing 143 amino acid residues.
Description: IFN-gamma is an acid-labile interferon produced by CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as activated NK cells. IFN-gamma receptors are present in most immune cells, which respond to IFN-gamma signaling by increasing the surface expression of class I MHC proteins. This promotes the presentation of antigen to T-helper (CD4+) cells. IFN-gamma signaling in antigen-presenting cells and antigen-recognizing B and T lymphocytes regulates the antigen-specific phases of the immune response. Additionally, IFN-gamma stimulates a number of lymphoid cell functions including the anti-microbial and anti-tumor responses of macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils. Human IFN-gamma species-specific and is biologically active only in human and primate cells. Recombinant murine IFN-gamma is a 15.6 kDa protein containing 134 amino acid residues.
Description: IFN-gamma is an acid-labile interferon produced by CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as activated NK cells. IFN-gamma receptors are present in most immune cells, which respond to IFN-gamma signaling by increasing the surface expression of class I MHC proteins. This promotes the presentation of antigen to T-helper (CD4+) cells. IFN-gamma signaling in antigen-presenting cells and antigen-recognizing B and T lymphocytes regulates the antigen-specific phases of the immune response. Additionally, IFN-gamma stimulates a number of lymphoid cell functions including the anti-microbial and anti-tumor responses of macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils. Human IFN-gamma species-specific and is biologically active only in human and primate cells. Recombinant murine IFN-gamma is a 15.6 kDa protein containing 134 amino acid residues.
Description: IFN-gamma is an acid-labile interferon produced by CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as activated NK cells. IFN-gamma receptors are present in most immune cells, which respond to IFN-gamma signaling by increasing the surface expression of class I MHC proteins. This promotes the presentation of antigen to T-helper (CD4+) cells. IFN-gamma signaling in antigen-presenting cells and antigen-recognizing B and T lymphocytes regulate the antigen-specific phases of the immune response. Additionally, IFN-gamma stimulates a number of lymphoid cell functions including the anti-microbial and anti-tumor responses of macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils. Human IFN-gamma is species-specific and is biologically active only in human and primate cells. Recombinant rat IFN-gamma is a 15.6 kDa protein containing 135 amino acid residues.
Description: IFN-gamma is an acid-labile interferon produced by CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as activated NK cells. IFN-gamma receptors are present in most immune cells, which respond to IFN-gamma signaling by increasing the surface expression of class I MHC proteins. This promotes the presentation of antigen to T-helper (CD4+) cells. IFN-gamma signaling in antigen-presenting cells and antigen-recognizing B and T lymphocytes regulate the antigen-specific phases of the immune response. Additionally, IFN-gamma stimulates a number of lymphoid cell functions including the anti-microbial and anti-tumor responses of macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils. Human IFN-gamma is species-specific and is biologically active only in human and primate cells. Recombinant rat IFN-gamma is a 15.6 kDa protein containing 135 amino acid residues.
Description: IFN gamma is the major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated lymphocytes. It is structurally different from type I interferon and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to autoimmune disease. Interferon gamma is produced mainly byT-cells and natural killer cells activated by antigens, mitogens, or alloantigens. It is produced by lymphocytes expressing the surface antigens CD4 and CD8. IFN gamma synthesis is induced by IL-2, FGF-basic, and EGF.
Description: Mouse Ifng is a secreted protein which belongs to the type I I (or gamma) interferon family. IFNG is produced by lymphocytes and activated by specific antigens or mitogens. In addition to having antiviral activity, IFNG also has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages and has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells. It can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons. Genetic variation in IFNG is associated with the risk of aplastic anemia (AA) which is a rare disease in which the reduction of the circulating blood cells results from damage to the stem cell pool in bone marrow. In most patients, the stem cell lesion is caused by an autoimmune attack. T-lymphocytes, activated by an endogenous or exogenous, and most often unknown antigenic stimulus, secrete cytokines, including IFN-gamma, which would in turn be able to suppress hematopoiesis.
Description: IFN gamma is the major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated lymphocytes. It is structurally different from type I interferon and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to autoimmune disease. Interferon gamma is produced mainly byT-cells and natural killer cells activated by antigens, mitogens, or alloantigens. It is produced by lymphocytes expressing the surface antigens CD4 and CD8. IFN gamma synthesis is induced by IL-2, FGF-basic, and EGF.
Description: Mouse Ifng is a secreted protein which belongs to the type I I (or gamma) interferon family. IFNG is produced by lymphocytes and activated by specific antigens or mitogens. In addition to having antiviral activity, IFNG also has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages and has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells. It can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons. Genetic variation in IFNG is associated with the risk of aplastic anemia (AA) which is a rare disease in which the reduction of the circulating blood cells results from damage to the stem cell pool in bone marrow. In most patients, the stem cell lesion is caused by an autoimmune attack. T-lymphocytes, activated by an endogenous or exogenous, and most often unknown antigenic stimulus, secrete cytokines, including IFN-gamma, which would in turn be able to suppress hematopoiesis.
Description: Mouse Ifng is a secreted protein which belongs to the type I I (or gamma) interferon family. IFNG is produced by lymphocytes and activated by specific antigens or mitogens. In addition to having antiviral activity, IFNG also has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages and has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells. It can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons. Genetic variation in IFNG is associated with the risk of aplastic anemia (AA) which is a rare disease in which the reduction of the circulating blood cells results from damage to the stem cell pool in bone marrow. In most patients, the stem cell lesion is caused by an autoimmune attack. T-lymphocytes, activated by an endogenous or exogenous, and most often unknown antigenic stimulus, secrete cytokines, including IFN-gamma, which would in turn be able to suppress hematopoiesis.
Description: Description of target: This gene encodes a soluble cytokine that is a member of the type II interferon class. The encoded protein is secreted by cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The active protein is a homodimer that binds to the interferon gamma receptor which triggers a cellular response to viral and microbial infections. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to viral, bacterial and parasitic infections and to several autoimmune diseases.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: < 0.69 pg/mL
Description: IFNGR2 is the non-ligand-binding beta chain of the gamma interferon receptor. Human interferon-gamma receptor is a heterodimer of IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. Defects in IFNGR2 are a cause of mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD), also known as familial disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection.
Description: IFNGR2 is the non-ligand-binding beta chain of the gamma interferon receptor. Human interferon-gamma receptor is a heterodimer of IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. Defects in IFNGR2 are a cause of mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD), also known as familial disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection.
Description: Interferon gamma receptor 2 also known as IFN-gR2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IFNGR2 gene. It is mapped to 16 C3.3; 16 53.07 cM. This gene (IFNGR2) encodes the non-ligand-binding beta chain of the gamma interferon receptor. Human interferon-gamma receptor is a heterodimer of IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. Defects in IFNGR2 are a cause of mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD), also known as familial disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection. MSMD is a genetically heterogeneous disease with autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant or X-linked inheritance.
Description: Interferon gamma receptor 1(IFNGR1) encoded by the IFNGR1 gene, is a single-pass type 1 membrane protein which belongs to the type II cytokine receptor family. IFNGR1 is phosphorylated at Ser/Thr residues after translation. IFNGR1 is a receptor for interferon gamma, two receptors bind one interferon gama dimer. A genetic variation in IFNGR1 is associated with susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection. In addition, defects in IFNGR1 are a cause of mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, also known as familial disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection.
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HS negatively affected the rate of cleavage and blastocyst, in all groups of HS. On Day 7, all HS-treated embryos showed a decrease IFNT gene and protein expression, whereas the reactive oxygen species increased compared with controls. In conclusion, early embryonic development is compromised because of the higher temperatures during in vitro oocyte maturation, fertilization, and / or the zygote stage has diminished IFNT expression and increased reactive oxygen species in cattle.
Ricardo
