Behcet syndrome (BS) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder involving vessels of all sizes, characterized by episodes relative of oral and / or genital ulcers, as well as cutaneous lesions. The participation of the occult, vascular, gastrointestinal neurological system can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants are the cornerstones of the management of the BS. Biological agents have been recommended for serious and / or refractory BS. Interferon-α (IFN-α) had several biological effects, such as antiviral and antiproliferative, which can regulate innate and adaptive immunity in BS. The growing evidence has shown the effectiveness of IFN-α in severe and / or refractory BS. Numerous studies have shown that IFN-α has comparable efficiency and tolerance profiles as anti-tumorized necrosis (TNF) factor agents for BehCet uveitis with much lower cost effects. and steroid and immunosuppressor.
IFN-α has been recommended as second-line processing for Ocular participation of BS in Eula (the European League Against Rheumatism) 2018. IFN-α also improves mucocutaneous lesions at BS with the dose of 3 to 9-12 Millions of IU three times a week. Some cases indicated the therapeutic potential of IFN-α in intestinal Bs. As a new IFN-α test in vascular BS (VBS), a recent study revealed the lower relapse rate and the higher reconditionalization rate with the thrombosis of the deep vein of the lower limbs (DVT). Two other case reports presented the effectiveness of IFN-α in the participation of the pulmonary artery in BS. In addition, case reports have shown successful treatment in refractory neurological participation.
There are two subtypes of IFN-α commonly used in autoimmune diseases, named IFN-α2a and IFN-α2B. IFN-α2A seemed more effective than IFN-α2B, particularly in the ocular and mucous participation of BS. The side effects of IFN-α are dependent on dose and non-serious. The most common side effects are flu syndrome, soft leukopenia and alopecia. Given the potential risk of tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis B (HBV) reactivation of TNF-α inhibitors, IFN-α is safe because of its anti-VHB effect and effect. protection on tuberculosis. In conclusion, IFN-α is a promising choice for severe and / or refractory BS patients, particularly for those who are intolerant or opposable to other biological agents, such as TNF inhibitors. Other prospective controlled studies are justified to confirm the effectiveness and safety of IFN-α in BS.
Type I Interferon (IFN) – Geographic activation of canonical and non-canonic signaling pathways
For several decades, the accumulation of evidence has involved involving type I interferons (IFNS) as key elements of the immune response. Therapeutic approaches incorporating different recombinant type IFN type proteins have been used successfully to treat a diverse group of diseases with significant and positive results. The biological activities of Type I IFNs are consequences of signaling events occurring in the cytoplasm and cell core.
The biochemical events involving JAK / STAT proteins that control the activation of the transcription of the genes stimulated by the IFN (ISG) were the first to be identified and are called “canonical” signaling. The subsequent identification of JAK / statistics independent signaling routes, critical for translating ISG and / or mRNA transcription, are noted “non-canonical” or “non-classical” channels. In this review, we summarize these signaling cascades and discuss recent developments in the field, particularly with regard to the biological and clinical implications of the engagement of canonical and non-canonical channels.
[Progress in interferon: A treatment of Behcet syndrome]
Justification for Covid-19 treatment with nebulized interferon-β-1B-review of the literature and a personal preliminary experience
The inflammatory response to Covid-19 is specifically associated with a type I interferon response type I (IFN) and a complete comprehensive blockade of IFN-β secretion. Clinically, the nebulization of IFN-α-2B has been historically used in China to treat viral pneumonia associated with SARS-VOCs. Very recent data show that the use of an inhaled type I IFN is associated with a decrease in mortality in Chinese patients Covid-19. However, the nebulization of IFN is currently not standard in Europe and the United States. As a result, our group has put in place a project to assess the possibility of nebulizing IFN-β-1b (a drug currently used in Europe to treat multiple multiple sclerosis via subcutaneous injections) and to evaluate
The safety of this new mode of administration in COV-2 infected patients. We present here data from the literature that have allowed us to build our hypothesis and develop collaboration between clinical pharmacists, intensivists and nebulization engineers in order to obtain a first pre-clinical and clinical experience of IFN- nebulization. β-1b. After the validation of the nebulization method and the verification of the drop size compatible with the nebulization, the method has been applied to four intensive care patients treated at our university hospital, for which none of the civid-19 therapies initially used in France has led to an important clinical improvement. All patients showed a negative viral car and experienced clinical improvement 7-16 days after initiating the nebulized inhalation therapy of IFN-β-1B. No side effects have been observed. All patients were alive in a 90-day follow-up.
Description: This cell lysate is prepared from human mcf-7 using Boster's RIPA Lysis Buffer (AR0105) using a standard whole cell lysate protocol. The concentration was determined using the BCA assay process and then diluted using Dithiothreitol (DTT) and a reducing SDS sample loading buffer, heated for 5 minutes at 100˚C.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: MCF 7 (Human breast Adenocarcinima) cell membrane protein lysate was prepared by isolating the membrane protein from whole tissue homogenates using a proprietary technique. The MCF 7 (Human breast Adenocarcinima) cell was frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after excision and then stored at -70ºC. The membrane protein is provided in a buffer including HEPES (pH 7.9), MgCl2, KCl, EDTA, Sucrose, Glycerol, sodium deoxycholate, NP-40, and a cocktail of protease inhibitors. For quality control purposes, the isolated MCF 7 (Human breast Adenocarcinima) cell membrane protein pattern on SDS-PAGE gel is shown to be consistent for each lot by visualization with coomassie blue staining. The isolated MCF 7 (Human breast Adenocarcinima) cell membrane protein is then Western analyzed by either GAPDH or β-actin antibody to confirm there is no signal or very weak signal.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Human MCF-7 (breast cancer) Whole Cell Lysate, Hydrogen Peroxide Stimulated
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
cDNA from Human Tumor Tissue: Lymphoma, Hodgkin's Disease
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Paraffin Tissue Section - Human Kidney Tumor: Wilms' Tumor
Description: Our tissue products are produced by strictly following the IRB ethical standards and procedures and from highest quality tissues. Immediately after collection the tissues are placed in liquid nitrogen and examined by certified pathologists. The thickness of each individual section is ~5um. They are Hematoxylin and Eosin stained and quality tested by immunostaining with anti-beta-actin antibodies. Our tissue products are suitable for various studies on cellular level (RNA localization, Protein expression, etc.) on both normal and pathological cases. It is also an excellent control and educational tool.
Description: Many solid tumors contain heterogeneous populations of normal and cancerous cells. Separation of these cell populations is key to an accurate assessment of the true genotypic and phenotypic differences between normal and tumor cells. Our CytoSelect Clonogenic Tumor Cell Isolation Kit uses a proprietary semisolid agar medium to facilitate formation of colonies by cells from solid tumors. Colonies are grown in either a 6-well plate or a 35mm culture dish. These colonies are isolated away from single (i.e. normal) cells by size filtration. The viable cells from these colonies can be easily recovered for further analysis.
Paraffin Tissue Section - Human Skin Tumor: Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Description: Our tissue products are produced by strictly following the IRB ethical standards and procedures and from highest quality tissues. Immediately after collection the tissues are placed in liquid nitrogen and examined by certified pathologists. The thickness of each individual section is ~5um. They are Hematoxylin and Eosin stained and quality tested by immunostaining with anti-beta-actin antibodies. Our tissue products are suitable for various studies on cellular level (RNA localization, Protein expression, etc.) on both normal and pathological cases. It is also an excellent control and educational tool.
cDNA from Human Tumor Tissue: Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's Disease
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Many solid tumors contain heterogeneous populations of normal and cancerous cells. Separation of these cell populations is key to an accurate assessment of the true genotypic and phenotypic differences between normal and tumor cells. Our CytoSelect Clonogenic Tumor Cell Isolation Kit uses a proprietary semisolid agar medium to facilitate formation of colonies by cells from solid tumors. Colonies are grown in either a 6-well plate or a 35mm culture dish. These colonies are isolated away from single (i.e. normal) cells by size filtration. The viable cells from these colonies can be easily recovered for further analysis.
Description: The 293AAV Cell Line is derived from the parental 293 cells but selected for attributes that increase AAV production, including firmer attachment and larger surface area.
Description: The 293AD Cell Line is derived from the parental 293 cells but selected for attributes that increase adenovirus production, including firmer attachment and larger surface area.
Description: The 293LTV Cell Line is derived from the parental 293 cells but selected for attributes that increase lentiviral production, including fimrer attachment and larger surface area.
Description: The 293RTV Cell Line is derived from the parental 293 cells but selected for attributes that increase retroviral production, including fimrer attachment and larger surface area.
Description: Leukocyte or tumor cell interactions with vascular endothelium consist of a cascade of processes including the firm attachment of cells to endothelial cell adhesion molecules. The CytoSelect Tumor Endothelium Adhesion Assay provides a robust system for the quantitative determination of interactions between tumor cells and endothelium. Adherent cells can be easily quantified on a fluorescence plate reader.
Description: Cancer cell transmigration, particularly extravasation, is an important step in cancer metastasis. It is the final step in a cascade of interactions between cells and the endothelium. CytoSelect Tumor Transendothelial Migration Assay provides a robust system for the quantitative determination of transmigrations and interactions between endothelium and tumor cells. Migratory cells may be quantified on a fluorescence plate reader. Kits use 24-well plates with 8 µm pore size membrane inserts.
Description: Our tissue products are produced by strictly following the IRB ethical standards and procedures and from highest quality tissues. Immediately after collection the tissues are placed in liquid nitrogen and examined by certified pathologists. The thickness of each individual section is ~5um. They are Hematoxylin and Eosin stained and quality tested by immunostaining with anti-beta-actin antibodies. Our tissue products are suitable for various studies on cellular level (RNA localization, Protein expression, etc.) on both normal and pathological cases. It is also an excellent control and educational tool.
Paraffin Tissue Section - Human Brain Tumor: Gliocytoma
Description: Our tissue products are produced by strictly following the IRB ethical standards and procedures and from highest quality tissues. Immediately after collection the tissues are placed in liquid nitrogen and examined by certified pathologists. The thickness of each individual section is ~5um. They are Hematoxylin and Eosin stained and quality tested by immunostaining with anti-beta-actin antibodies. Our tissue products are suitable for various studies on cellular level (RNA localization, Protein expression, etc.) on both normal and pathological cases. It is also an excellent control and educational tool.
Matching Pair - cDNA from Human Primary Tumor and Normal Tissue: Breast
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Matching Pair - cDNA from Human Primary Tumor and Normal Tissue: Colon
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Matching Pair - cDNA from Human Primary Tumor and Normal Tissue: Kidney
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Matching Pair - cDNA from Human Primary Tumor and Normal Tissue: Liver
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Matching Pair - cDNA from Human Primary Tumor and Normal Tissue: Lung
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Matching Pair - cDNA from Human Primary Tumor and Normal Tissue: Rectum
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Matching Pair - cDNA from Human Primary Tumor and Normal Tissue: Stomach
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
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Although it is not possible to draw firm conclusions on the effectiveness of the processing based on this case report, our study shows that IFN-β-1b pulmonary administration is feasible, with a good safety profile. This procedure, which has the advantage of directly targeting lungs and reducing the risks of systemic side effects, can represent a promising therapeutic strategy for supporting patients with severe Covid-19. However, our preliminary observation requires confirmation through randomized controlled trials.
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