Behcet syndrome (BS) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder involving vessels of all sizes, characterized by episodes relative of oral and / or genital ulcers, as well as cutaneous lesions. The participation of the occult, vascular, gastrointestinal neurological system can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants are the cornerstones of the management of the BS. Biological agents have been recommended for serious and / or refractory BS. Interferon-α (IFN-α) had several biological effects, such as antiviral and antiproliferative, which can regulate innate and adaptive immunity in BS. The growing evidence has shown the effectiveness of IFN-α in severe and / or refractory BS. Numerous studies have shown that IFN-α has comparable efficiency and tolerance profiles as anti-tumorized necrosis (TNF) factor agents for BehCet uveitis with much lower cost effects. and steroid and immunosuppressor.
IFN-α has been recommended as second-line processing for Ocular participation of BS in Eula (the European League Against Rheumatism) 2018. IFN-α also improves mucocutaneous lesions at BS with the dose of 3 to 9-12 Millions of IU three times a week. Some cases indicated the therapeutic potential of IFN-α in intestinal Bs. As a new IFN-α test in vascular BS (VBS), a recent study revealed the lower relapse rate and the higher reconditionalization rate with the thrombosis of the deep vein of the lower limbs (DVT). Two other case reports presented the effectiveness of IFN-α in the participation of the pulmonary artery in BS. In addition, case reports have shown successful treatment in refractory neurological participation.
There are two subtypes of IFN-α commonly used in autoimmune diseases, named IFN-α2a and IFN-α2B. IFN-α2A seemed more effective than IFN-α2B, particularly in the ocular and mucous participation of BS. The side effects of IFN-α are dependent on dose and non-serious. The most common side effects are flu syndrome, soft leukopenia and alopecia. Given the potential risk of tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis B (HBV) reactivation of TNF-α inhibitors, IFN-α is safe because of its anti-VHB effect and effect. protection on tuberculosis. In conclusion, IFN-α is a promising choice for severe and / or refractory BS patients, particularly for those who are intolerant or opposable to other biological agents, such as TNF inhibitors. Other prospective controlled studies are justified to confirm the effectiveness and safety of IFN-α in BS.
Type I Interferon (IFN) – Geographic activation of canonical and non-canonic signaling pathways
For several decades, the accumulation of evidence has involved involving type I interferons (IFNS) as key elements of the immune response. Therapeutic approaches incorporating different recombinant type IFN type proteins have been used successfully to treat a diverse group of diseases with significant and positive results. The biological activities of Type I IFNs are consequences of signaling events occurring in the cytoplasm and cell core.
The biochemical events involving JAK / STAT proteins that control the activation of the transcription of the genes stimulated by the IFN (ISG) were the first to be identified and are called “canonical” signaling. The subsequent identification of JAK / statistics independent signaling routes, critical for translating ISG and / or mRNA transcription, are noted “non-canonical” or “non-classical” channels. In this review, we summarize these signaling cascades and discuss recent developments in the field, particularly with regard to the biological and clinical implications of the engagement of canonical and non-canonical channels.
Justification for Covid-19 treatment with nebulized interferon-β-1B-review of the literature and a personal preliminary experience
The inflammatory response to Covid-19 is specifically associated with a type I interferon response type I (IFN) and a complete comprehensive blockade of IFN-β secretion. Clinically, the nebulization of IFN-α-2B has been historically used in China to treat viral pneumonia associated with SARS-VOCs. Very recent data show that the use of an inhaled type I IFN is associated with a decrease in mortality in Chinese patients Covid-19. However, the nebulization of IFN is currently not standard in Europe and the United States. As a result, our group has put in place a project to assess the possibility of nebulizing IFN-β-1b (a drug currently used in Europe to treat multiple multiple sclerosis via subcutaneous injections) and to evaluate
The safety of this new mode of administration in COV-2 infected patients. We present here data from the literature that have allowed us to build our hypothesis and develop collaboration between clinical pharmacists, intensivists and nebulization engineers in order to obtain a first pre-clinical and clinical experience of IFN- nebulization. β-1b. After the validation of the nebulization method and the verification of the drop size compatible with the nebulization, the method has been applied to four intensive care patients treated at our university hospital, for which none of the civid-19 therapies initially used in France has led to an important clinical improvement. All patients showed a negative viral car and experienced clinical improvement 7-16 days after initiating the nebulized inhalation therapy of IFN-β-1B. No side effects have been observed. All patients were alive in a 90-day follow-up.
Description: Many solid tumors contain heterogeneous populations of normal and cancerous cells. Separation of these cell populations is key to an accurate assessment of the true genotypic and phenotypic differences between normal and tumor cells. Our CytoSelect Clonogenic Tumor Cell Isolation Kit uses a proprietary semisolid agar medium to facilitate formation of colonies by cells from solid tumors. Colonies are grown in either a 6-well plate or a 35mm culture dish. These colonies are isolated away from single (i.e. normal) cells by size filtration. The viable cells from these colonies can be easily recovered for further analysis.
CytoSelect Clonogenic Tumor Cell Isolation Kit (5 x 5 preps)
Description: Many solid tumors contain heterogeneous populations of normal and cancerous cells. Separation of these cell populations is key to an accurate assessment of the true genotypic and phenotypic differences between normal and tumor cells. Our CytoSelect Clonogenic Tumor Cell Isolation Kit uses a proprietary semisolid agar medium to facilitate formation of colonies by cells from solid tumors. Colonies are grown in either a 6-well plate or a 35mm culture dish. These colonies are isolated away from single (i.e. normal) cells by size filtration. The viable cells from these colonies can be easily recovered for further analysis.
Description: Leukocyte or tumor cell interactions with vascular endothelium consist of a cascade of processes including the firm attachment of cells to endothelial cell adhesion molecules. The CytoSelect Tumor Endothelium Adhesion Assay provides a robust system for the quantitative determination of interactions between tumor cells and endothelium. Adherent cells can be easily quantified on a fluorescence plate reader.
Description: Traditionally, the soft agar colony formation assay has been used to monitor anchorage-independent growth. Cells proliferate for 3-4 weeks in a semisolid culture medium, followed by tedious manual counting of colonies. Our CytoSelect 96-Well In Vitro Tumor Sensitivity Assay provides a stringent, anchorage-independent model for chemosenstivity testing and screening of potential anticancer drugs. After just 6-8 days, cell colonies are quantified using a standard colorimetric microplate reader.
Description: This cell lysate is prepared from human mcf-7 using Boster's RIPA Lysis Buffer (AR0105) using a standard whole cell lysate protocol. The concentration was determined using the BCA assay process and then diluted using Dithiothreitol (DTT) and a reducing SDS sample loading buffer, heated for 5 minutes at 100˚C.
Description: Our StemTAG 96-Well Stem Cell Colony Formation Assay provides a high-throughput method to quantify ES cells in just 7-10 days, and no manual cell counting is required. Once colonies are formed, they may be analyzed in three different ways: 1. Lyse cells, then quantify in a fluorescence plate reader using dye included in the kit; 2. Lyse cells, then quantify alkaline phosphatase activity using reagents provided; or 3. Recover colonies from matrix for further culture or analysis.
Description: Our StemTAG 96-Well Stem Cell Colony Formation Assay provides a high-throughput method to quantify ES cells in just 7-10 days, and no manual cell counting is required. Once colonies are formed, they may be analyzed in three different ways: 1. Lyse cells, then quantify in a fluorescence plate reader using dye included in the kit; 2. Lyse cells, then quantify alkaline phosphatase activity using reagents provided; or 3. Recover colonies from matrix for further culture or analysis.
Description: CytoSelect 96-Well Cell Transformation Assays (Cell Recovery Compatible) provide a robust system for detecting transformed cells, screening cell transformation inhibitors, and determining in vitro drug sensitivity. A proprietary modified soft agar matrix allows you to either quantify cells using the included fluorescent dye, or recover the cells for further analysis.
Description: CytoSelect 96-Well Cell Transformation Assays (Cell Recovery Compatible) provide a robust system for detecting transformed cells, screening cell transformation inhibitors, and determining in vitro drug sensitivity. A proprietary modified soft agar matrix allows you to either quantify cells using the included fluorescent dye, or recover the cells for further analysis.
MCF2L2 (untagged)-Human MCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence-like 2 (MCF2L2)
Description: The Radius Cell Migration Assay provides a unique alternative to conventional cell migration assays using the Boyden chamber. Unlike Boyden chamber assays which may only be analyzed at endpoint, the Radius assay uses a proprietary cell culture plate containing a carefully-defined biocompatible hydrogel (Radius gel) spot centralized at the bottom of each well. When cells are seeded in the well, they will attach everywhere except on the Radius gel, creating a cell-free zone. Following cell seeding the Radius gel is removed, allowing migratory cells to move across the area and close the gap.
Description: The Radius Cell Migration Assay provides a unique alternative to conventional cell migration assays using the Boyden chamber. Unlike Boyden chamber assays which may only be analyzed at endpoint, the Radius assay uses a proprietary cell culture plate containing a carefully-defined biocompatible hydrogel (Radius gel) spot centralized at the bottom of each well. When cells are seeded in the well, they will attach everywhere except on the Radius gel, creating a cell-free zone. Following cell seeding the Radius gel is removed, allowing migratory cells to move across the area and close the gap.
Description: Cell Biolabs? HIF-1 Cell Based ELISA Kit is an immunoassay developed for rapid detection of HIF-1 Alpha in fixed cells. Cells on a microplate are stimulated for HIF-1 Alpha stabilization, fixed, permeabilized, and then neutralized in the well. HIF-1 Alpha is then detected with an anti-HIF-1 alpha antibody followed by an HRP conjugated secondary antibody. Each kit provides sufficient reagents to perform up to a total of 96 assays and can detect HIF-1 Alpha from human, mouse, or rat.
Description: Cell Biolabs? CytoSelect Cell Proliferation Assay Reagent (Fluorometric) provides a fluorometric format for measuring and monitoring cell proliferation. Cells can be plated and then treated with compounds or agents that affect proliferation. Cells are then incubated with the proliferation reagent. Upon entering metabolically active live cells, the non-fluorescent proliferation reagent is converted into a bright red fluorescent form. An increase in cell proliferation is accompanied by increased fluorescent signal, while a decrease in cell proliferation (and signal) can indicate the toxic effects of compounds or suboptimal culture conditions. The assay principles are basic and can be applied to most eukaryotic cell lines, including adherent and non-adherent cells and certain tissues. This cell proliferation reagent can be used to detect proliferation in bacteria, yeast, fungi, protozoa as well as cultured mammalian and piscine cells. The kit contains sufficient reagents for the evaluation of 960 assays in ten 96-well plates or 192 assays in eight 24-well plates.
Description: Human PRKDC (-/-); PRKDC cDNA overexpression HCT116 Cell line is Homozygous knockout of endogenous PRKDC with overexpression of wild type PRKDC
Human PRKDC (-/-); PRKDC cDNA overexpression HCT116 Cell Line
Description: Human PRKDC (-/-); PRKDC cDNA overexpression HCT116 Cell line is Homozygous knockdown of endogenous PRKDC with overexpression of wild type PRKDC
Description: The ability of malignant tumor cells to invade normal surrounding tissue contributes in large part to the morbidity and mortality of cancers. Cell invasion requires several distinct cellular functions including adhesion, motility, detachment, and extracellular matrix proteolysis. Our CytoSelect Cell Invasion Assays utilize precoated inserts to assay the invasive properties of tumor cells. Invasive cells can be quantified in 24-well plates on either a standard microplate reader or a fluorescence plate reader. Inserts are precoated on the top of the membrane with Laminin.
Description: Our CytoSelect 384-Well Cell Transformation Assay uses a modified soft agar 3D matrix to support the formation of colonies by neoplastic cells. Quantitation of cell transformation is performed on a fluorescence plate reader.
Description: Our CytoSelect 384-Well Cell Transformation Assay uses a modified soft agar 3D matrix to support the formation of colonies by neoplastic cells. Quantitation of cell transformation is performed on a fluorescence plate reader.
Description: The Radius Cell Migration Assay provides a unique alternative to conventional cell migration assays using the Boyden chamber. Unlike Boyden chamber assays which may only be analyzed at endpoint, the Radius assay uses a proprietary cell culture plate containing a carefully-defined biocompatible hydrogel (Radius gel) spot centralized at the bottom of each well. When cells are seeded in the well, they will attach everywhere except on the Radius gel, creating a cell-free zone. Following cell seeding the Radius gel is removed, allowing migratory cells to move across the area and close the gap.
StemTAG PCR Primer Set for Stem Cell Characterization
Description: StemTAG PCR Primer Set for Stem Cell Characterization includes 7 primer pairs: Oct-4, NANOG, AFP, Flk-1, and NCAM, plus GAPDH and beta-actin as controls.
Description: The Radius Cell Migration Assay provides a unique alternative to conventional cell migration assays using the Boyden chamber. Unlike Boyden chamber assays which may only be analyzed at endpoint, the Radius assay uses a proprietary cell culture plate containing a carefully-defined biocompatible hydrogel (Radius gel) spot centralized at the bottom of each well. When cells are seeded in the well, they will attach everywhere except on the Radius gel, creating a cell-free zone. Following cell seeding the Radius gel is removed, allowing migratory cells to move across the area and close the gap.
Description: The Radius Cell Migration Assay provides a unique alternative to conventional cell migration assays using the Boyden chamber. Unlike Boyden chamber assays which may only be analyzed at endpoint, the Radius assay uses a proprietary cell culture plate containing a carefully-defined biocompatible hydrogel (Radius gel) spot centralized at the bottom of each well. When cells are seeded in the well, they will attach everywhere except on the Radius gel, creating a cell-free zone. Following cell seeding the Radius gel is removed, allowing migratory cells to move across the area and close the gap.
Description: Cell Biolabs? CytoSelect Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) ELISA Kit is an enzyme immunoassay developed for the detection and quantitation of PCNA from nuclear and whole cell extracts. The kit detects PCNA from mouse, rat and human, and has a detection sensitivity limit of 12.5 ng/mLPCNA. Each kit provides sufficient reagents to perform up to 96 assays including standard curve and unknown samples.
×
Although it is not possible to draw firm conclusions on the effectiveness of the processing based on this case report, our study shows that IFN-β-1b pulmonary administration is feasible, with a good safety profile. This procedure, which has the advantage of directly targeting lungs and reducing the risks of systemic side effects, can represent a promising therapeutic strategy for supporting patients with severe Covid-19. However, our preliminary observation requires confirmation through randomized controlled trials.